Ko ngā ira o te mata, te whero o waenganui o te paparanga, me te totohu hohonu – he maha ngā raruraru kiri e pā ana ki a tātou e horapa ana ki ngā hohonutanga rerekē o te kiri, ā, kāore e whai hua ngā huarahi maimoatanga kotahi. Nō reira, kei te noho te hangarau mārama hiato maha-ngaru a Merican hei otinga pai rawa atu hei whakatutuki i ngā hiahia tiaki kiri maha-ahu.
01. Rama hiato maha-roa-ngaru
He putanga hou i roto i te ataahua whatu
Ehara te rama hiato maha-āwhe a Merican i te whakakotahitanga o ngā tae maha o te mārama, engari he hangarau whakapaipai kiri tino tika i whakawhanakehia i te mahi tahi me tētahi tīma Tiamana, e whakauru ana i ngā mātāpono whakaahua-koiora me ngā rauropi atamai.
E hangai ana tēnei hangarau ki te hanganga ā-tinana me ngā pūtake o ngā raruraru i roto i ngā paparanga rerekē o te kiri. Ka tīpakohia e ia ngā roangaru matua maha o te mārama, tae atu ki te mārama whero, te mārama tata-whero, me te mārama kōwhai, mai i te whānuitanga 400-1200nm. Mā te whakataurite i ngā roangaru, te whakahaere pūngao, me te taurite o te wā, ka taurite tika ngā pūtake mārama rerekē ki ngā paparanga kiri e whai ake nei, ka hangaia he "pānga mahi tahi." I te wā kotahi ka tutuki ngā whakapainga maha-ahu pēnei i te whakamārama, te whakaiti i ngā kita, te whakamarie, me te whakatika, ā, ka taea te whakarerekē tika ki ngā rerekētanga takitahi, ka taea ai te tiaki "takitahi" whaiaro.
02. Ngā taunakitanga ā-pūtaiao mai i ngā rangahau hou i Haina me tāwāhi:
Ngā painga mahi tahi o te mārama hiato.
He mea tika kia whakanuia ko te kōwhiringa roangaru me ngā tikanga mahi tahi e whakamahia ana i roto i te mārama hiato maha-ōwehenga a Merican e ahu mai ana i te rangahau whakaahua koiora pakari, ā, ko te whai huatanga o tana kaupapa whakakotahi kua tautokona katoatia e ngā tuhinga pūtaiao mana maha mai i Haina me tāwāhi.
I te mutunga o te rautau 19, i whakaaturia e te rata o Tenemāka, a Finsen, he pānga koiora motuhake tō ngā roangaru mārama ki te kiko tangata, ā, koinei te pūtake pūtaiao mō te whakaora whakaahua. I te tekau tau atu i 1990, kua whānuitia te whakamahinga o te whakaora rama maha-roangaru i roto i te rongoā ataahua arumoni, ā, kua kohia ngā wheako haumanu mō ngā whanaketanga hangarau i muri mai. Kua whakakitea anō e ngā rangahau hou tata nei he pai ake ngā pānga koiora o ngā roangaru mārama rerekē kua raupapahia e te pūtaiao me te ōwehenga hihiri i te whakakotahitanga noa o ngā pānga o ia roangaru takitahi.
Hei tauira, ko ngā raraunga rangahau i whakaputaina i roto i te *Photomedicine and Laser Surgery* e whakaatu ana ko te huinga pūtaiao o te mārama kōwhai 590nm, te mārama whero 633nm, me te mārama tata-infrared 830nm e whakaatu ana i te haumaru me te whai huatanga pai ki te whakatairanga i te whakahoutanga o te kiri me te whakanui ake i te ihirangi collagen kiri, me te whai huatanga tiaki kiri tino pai ki te whakataurite ki te whakamahi i te roanga ngaru kotahi.
Kua whakaatuhia hoki e ētahi atu rangahau haumanu ko te whakakotahitanga o te mārama whero (660nm) me te mārama tata-whero (850nm), me te whakakotahitanga o te mārama karaka (590nm) me te mārama tata-whero (850nm), ka taea te aukati i te hanga melanin, te whakaiti i te tae kiri, me te whai pānga pai ki te mā o te kiri. Hei tāpiri, ki te whakatauritea ki te mārama kotahi-tae, ka taea e te mārama whakakotahi te whakaiti i te wā maimoatanga e hiahiatia ana mō te pūtake mārama kotahi.
03. Ngā mano o ngā tauira o te ao tūturu
Whakamanahia ngā pānga whakapaipai kiri maha-ahu
Haunga te tautokona e ngā rangahau haumanu whai mana, kua mahi tahi anō a Merican me ētahi whare rangahau, tae atu ki Te Whare Wānanga o Jinan me Te Whare Wānanga o Yunnan mō te Rongoā Hainamana Tuku Iho, ki te whakahaere tonu i ngā whakamātautau haumanu pūnaha ki ngā tāngata. Mā te tātari pakari i ngā mano o ngā raraunga tauira o te ao tūturu, kua manatokohia e rātou te whai huatanga me te haumaru o te mārama matū maha-wāhanga i roto i te whakapaipai kiri maha-ahu.
I tino whai te tukanga whakamātautau i ngā paerewa pūtaiao, me te whai tonu i ngā kaiwhakamātautau me ngā momo kiri me ngā reanga rerekē, me te tuhi raraunga mō ngā huringa o te kanapa o te kiri, te ngāwari, me ngā āheinga whakatika. I whakaatuhia e ngā hua i muri i tētahi wā whakamahinga, i kite ngā kaiwhakamātautau i ngā whakapainga nui o te kanapa o te kiri, te ngāwari, me ngā āheinga whakatika. He tino rite ngā hua o te whakamātautau ki ngā whakatau o ngā tuhinga rangahau hou.
I roto i te whai i te tiaki kiri tino whai hua o ēnei rā, kua waiho hei wero mā ngā kaiwhaiwhai ataahua te aro atu ki ngā raruraru kiri maha i te wā kotahi. Ko te hangarau mārama matatini maha-wāhanga a Merican, me ōna painga pūtaiao o te whakatikatika tika me te whakarei ake i te mahi tahi, kua whakauruhia katoatia ki roto i ana raina hua ataahua me te whare whakaahua-whakaora, e whakarato ana i tētahi wheako whakaora kiri pūnaha me te whānui.
