Ko tētahi o ngā wāhanga o te tinana kāore i te tino mōhiotiarongoā māramaKo ngā uaua ngā mea kua tirohia e ngā rangahau. He tino motuhake ngā pūnaha o te kiko uaua tangata mō te whakaputa pūngao, me kaha ki te whakarato pūngao mō ngā wā roa o te iti o te whakamahinga me ngā wā poto o te whakamahinga nui. Kua tere haere te rangahau i tēnei wāhanga i ngā tau kua hipa, me ngā rangahau kounga teitei hou e maha ana i ia marama. Kua tino rangahauhia te mārama whero me te mārama whero mō ngā momo mate me ngā āhuatanga, mai i te mamae o ngā hononga ki te whakaora patunga, nā te mea pea e whakaarohia ana he mahi ngā pānga pūtau i runga i te taumata pūngao taketake. Nō reira, ki te uru te mārama ki roto i te kiko uaua, ka taea e ia te whakaputa pānga pai ki reira? I roto i tēnei tuhinga ka tirohia e mātou te taunekeneke a te mārama ki ēnei pūnaha me ngā painga ka puta mai, mēnā he mea.
Tērā pea ka taunekeneke te mārama me te mahi a ngā uaua, engari me pēhea?
Hei mārama ki te pānga o te mārama ki te kiko uaua, me mārama tuatahi tātou ki te mahi a te kiko uaua. He mea nui te pūngao mō te ora i roto i ia pūtau o ia momo e mōhiotia ana e tātou i tēnei wā. He mārama ake tēnei āhuatanga o te ora i roto i te kiko uaua, mai i te tirohanga ā-mīhini, i tētahi atu momo kiko. Nā te mea kei roto ngā uaua i te nekehanga, me whakaputa me te whakamahi pūngao rātou, ki te kore, e kore rātou e neke. Ko tetahi mea e āwhina ana i tēnei whakaputanga pūngao taketake ka whai hua.
Te tikanga whakaora mārama
He tikanga rongonui tō te whakaora mārama i roto i te nuinga o ngā pūtau o te tinana me te mitochondria (ko te mitochondria ngā whekau e whai kawenga ana mō te whakaputa pūngao). Ka taea e koe te tirotiro i te Cytochrome C Oxidase me te Nitric Oxide kia nui ake ai ngā āhuatanga i konei, engari ko te ariā matua ko te āwhina a te mārama whero me te mārama tata-infrared i ō tātou mitochondria ki te whakaoti i te tukanga manawa, ka nui ake te CO2 me te ATP (pūngao). I roto i te ariā, ka pā tēnei ki te nuinga o ngā pūtau o te tinana, haunga ngā mea kāore he mitochondria pērā i ngā toto whero.
Te hononga uaua-pūngao
Ko tētahi o ngā āhuatanga matua o ngā pūtau uaua ko te nui rawa o ngā mitochondria, e hiahia ana kia ea ai ngā hiahia nui o te pūngao. E pā ana tēnei ki te uaua angaanga, te uaua ngākau, me te kiko uaua maeneene pērā i ngā whekau o roto. He rerekē te kiato o ngā mitochondria i roto i te kiko uaua i waenga i ngā momo me ngā wāhanga o te tinana, engari me nui te pūngao e hiahiatia ana e rātou katoa kia mahi. Ko te nui o te kitea whānui e tohu ana i te hiahia o ngā kairangahau whakaora mārama ki te tono i ngā uaua arotahi, nui atu i ētahi atu kiko.
Ngā pūtau take uaua – te tipu me te whakatikatika i whakarei ake e te māramatanga?
Ko ngā pūtau myosatellite, he momo pūtau take uaua e uru ana ki te tipu me te whakatikatika, he whāinga matua pea mō te whakaora mārama1,5, tera pea ko te whāinga matua e puta ai ngā pānga roa. Ka kaha te mahi a ēnei pūtau amiorangi hei whakautu ki te taumahatanga (pēnei i te nekehanga ā-ringa pēnei i te whakakori tinana, i te whara rānei) – he tukanga ka taea te whakarei ake mā te whakaora mārama9. Pērā i ngā pūtau take i tētahi wāhi o te tinana, ko ēnei pūtau amiorangi te pūtake o ngā pūtau uaua noa. I te nuinga o te wā ka noho rātou i roto i te āhua marino, kore mahi, engari ka huri hei pūtau take kē atu, ka huri rānei hei pūtau uaua tino mahi hei wāhanga o te tukanga whakaora, hei whakautu ki te whara, ki te whara rānei o te whakakori tinana. E tohu ana ngā rangahau hou ki te whakaputanga pūngao mitochondrial i roto i ngā pūtau take hei kaiwhakahaere matua mō ō rātou aituā6, e whakatau ana i tā rātou 'hōtaka' me tō rātou tere me te whai huatanga. Mai i te mea ko te whakapae kei muri i te whakaora mārama he kaiwhakatairanga kaha pea mō te mahi mitochondrial, he tikanga mārama kei reira hei whakamārama me pēhea te whakapai ake a te mārama i te tipu me te whakatikatika o ō tātou uaua mā roto i ngā pūtau take.
mumura
He āhuatanga noa te mumura e pā ana ki te pakaru o te uaua, te ahotea rānei. E whakaaro ana ētahi kairangahau ka āwhina pea te mārama (mēnā ka whakamahia tika) ki te whakaiti i te kaha o te mumura3 (mā te whakanui ake i ngā taumata o te CO2 – ka mutu ka aukati i ngā cytokines/prostaglandins mumura), ā, ka taea ai te whakatika pai ake me te kore he koha/fibrosis.