Ko te nuinga o ngā whekau me ngā repe o te tinana e kapi ana i ētahi inihi o te wheua, te uaua, te ngako, te kiri, ētahi atu kiko rānei, ā, kāore e taea te pā ki te mārama tika. Heoi, ko tētahi o ngā mea motuhake ko ngā kōiwi tāne.
He mea tika kia whiti tika te rama whero ki runga i ngā hope o te tangata?
E whakaatu ana ngā rangahau i ētahi painga whakamere o te pānga ki te rama whero o ngā kōtiro.
Kua Whakatairangahia te Momonatanga?
Ko te kounga o te parāoa te mehua matua o te momonatanga o ngā tāne, nā te mea ko te ora tonu o te parāoa te mea nui hei ārai i te angitu o te whakaputa uri (mai i te taha tāne).
Ko te whakaputanga pai o te parāoa, arā, ko te hanganga o ngā pūtau parāoa, ka puta i roto i ngā testicle, kāore i te tino tawhiti atu i te hanganga o ngā androgens i roto i ngā pūtau Leydig. He tino hononga ngā mea e rua – arā, ko te taumata testosterone teitei = te kounga parāoa teitei, me te ritenga kē. He onge te kitea he tāne testosterone iti me te kounga parāoa pai.
Ka hangaia ngā parāoa i roto i ngā ngongo hua manu o ngā testes, i roto i tētahi tukanga maha-taahiraa e uru ana ki ētahi wehenga pūtau me te pakeketanga o ēnei pūtau. He maha ngā rangahau kua whakatū i tētahi hononga tino rārangi i waenga i te whakaputanga ATP/pūngao me te whakaputanga parāoa:
Ko ngā rongoā me ngā matū e whakararuraru ana i te pākia o te pūngao mitochondrial whānui (arā, Viagra, SSRIs, statins, waipiro, me ētahi atu) he pānga tino kino ki te hanga parāoa.
Ko ngā rongoā/pūhui e tautoko ana i te hanga ATP i roto i ngā mitochondria (ngā homoni tairoi, te kawheine, te konupora, me ētahi atu) ka whakanui ake i te maha o ngā parāoa me te momonatanga whānui.
Nui atu i ērā atu tukanga tinana, he nui te whakawhirinakitanga o te whakaputanga parāoa ki te whakaputanga ATP. I te mea ka whakarei ake te mārama whero me te mārama whero-whero i te whakaputanga ATP i roto i ngā mitochondria, e ai ki ngā rangahau matua o te ao, ehara i te mea miharo kua whakaatuhia e ngā roangaru whero/whero-whero te whakanui ake i te whakaputanga parāoa testicular me te oranga tonutanga o te parāoa i roto i ngā rangahau kararehe. I tetahi atu taha, ko te mārama kikorangi, e kino ana ki te mitochondria (e pehi ana i te whakaputanga ATP) ka whakaiti i te maha/momona o te parāoa.
Ehara i te mea ko te whakaputanga parāoa i roto i ngā testicle anake tēnei, engari he tika hoki ki te hauora o ngā pūtau parāoa kore utu i muri i te putanga mai. Hei tauira, kua mahia ngā rangahau mō te whakatōnga in vitro (IVF), e whakaatu ana i ngā hua pai ake i raro i te rama whero i roto i ngā kararehe me ngā parāoa ika. He tino hohonu te pānga ina tae mai ki te nekenekehanga o te parāoa, te kaha rānei ki te 'kau', nā te mea ko te hiku o ngā pūtau parāoa e whakakahangia ana e te rarangi o ngā mitochondria e aro ana ki te rama whero.
Whakarāpopototanga
I roto i te ariā, mēnā ka whakamahia tika te rongoā rama whero ki te rohe o te kuao i mua tata o te taatai, ka nui ake te tūponotanga ka angitu te whakatō tamariki.
Hei tāpiri atu, mā te whakamahi tonu i te rama whero i ngā rā i mua i te moe tāne ka nui ake te tūponotanga, me te whakaiti anō hoki i te tūponotanga o te whakaputanga parāoa rerekē.
Ka toru pea te pikinga o ngā taumata testosterone?
Mai i te tekau tau atu i 1930, kua mōhiotia whānuitia te māramatanga ka taea e ngā tāne te whakaputa i te nui ake o te testosterone androgen. I roto i ngā rangahau tuatahi o taua wā, i tirotirohia te pānga o ngā pūtake mārama motuhake ki ngā taumata homoni, ā, e whakaatu ana i tētahi whakapainga nui mā te whakamahi i ngā pūrama rama kanapa me te hihi o te rā horihori.
Te āhua nei he pai te mārama mō ā tātou homoni. He hononga tika te hurihanga o te cholesterol kiri ki te huaora D3 sulfate. Ahakoa he mea nui ake pea, ko te whakapainga o te pākia o te waikura me te hanga ATP mai i ngā roangaru whero/whero he whānui te pānga ki te tinana, ā, he maha ngā wā ka iti haere te aro. Nā te mea, ko te hanga pūngao pūtau te pūtake o ngā mahi katoa o te ora.
Nō nā tata nei, kua mahia ngā rangahau mō te pānga tika o te rā ki te tinana, tuatahi ki te tinana, e whakapiki pono ana i ngā taumata testosterone o te tāne mā te 25% ki te 160% i runga i te tangata. Heoi, he nui ake te pānga o te pānga tika o te rā ki ngā huakita, e whakanui ana i te hanga testosterone i roto i ngā pūtau Leydig mā te 200% – he pikinga nui atu i ngā taumata taketake.
Kua tata ki te 100 tau te roa o ngā rangahau e hono ana i te mārama, inā koa te mārama whero, ki te mahi a ngā kararehe. Ko ngā whakamātautau tuatahi i arotahi ki ngā manu tāne me ngā kararehe iti pēnei i te kiore, e whakaatu ana i ngā pānga pēnei i te whakahohenga moepuku me te whakahokinga mai o te ira tangata. Kua tata ki te rau tau te rangahau i te whakaohooho i ngā ira tangata e te mārama whero, me ngā rangahau e hono ana ki te tipu hauora o ngā ira tangata me ngā putanga whakaputa uri pai ake i te nuinga o ngā wā. Ko ngā rangahau tangata hou ake e tautoko ana i te ariā kotahi, e whakaatu ana i ngā hua pai ake pea ki ngā manu/kiore.
He tino pānga nui te rama whero i runga i ngā testes ki te testosterone?
Ko te mahi a te kōpū, e ai ki te kōrero i runga ake nei, e whakawhirinaki ana ki te whakaputanga pūngao. Ahakoa e taea ana tēnei te kī mō te nuinga o ngā kiko o te tinana, kei reira ngā taunakitanga e tino pono ana mō ngā kōpū.
Kua whakamāramahia ake i roto i tā mātou whārangi whakaora rama whero, ko te tikanga e mahi ai ngā roangaru whero he whakaoho i te hanga ATP (e taea te whakaaro he moni pūngao pūtau) i roto i te mekameka manawa o ā tātou mitochondria (tirohia te cytochrome oxidase – he whākōkī photoreceptive – mō ētahi atu kōrero), te whakanui ake i te pūngao e wātea ana ki te pūtau – e pā ana tēnei ki ngā pūtau Leydig (ngā pūtau whakaputa testosterone) rite tonu. He ōrite te hanga pūngao me te mahi pūtau, arā, he nui ake te pūngao = he nui ake te hanga testosterone.
Heoi anō, ko te whakaputanga pūngao o te tinana katoa, e pā ana ki te/e inehia ana e ngā taumata homoni tairoi hohe, e mōhiotia ana ka whakaoho i te steroidogenesis (te whakaputanga testosterone rānei) i roto i ngā pūtau Leydig.
Ko tētahi atu tikanga pea ko tētahi momo motuhake o ngā pūmua photoreceptive, e mōhiotia ana ko ngā 'pūmua opsin'. He nui ngā momo photoreceptor motuhake o ngā testes tangata tae atu ki te OPN3, e 'whakahohehia' ana, pērā i te cytochrome, inā koa nā ngā roangaru o te mārama. Mā te whakaoho i ēnei pūmua testicular e te mārama whero ka puta he urupare pūtau ka arahi pea ki te whakanui ake i te hanga testosterone, me ētahi atu mea, ahakoa kei te wāhanga tuatahi tonu te rangahau mō ēnei pūmua me ngā ara pākia. Ka kitea hoki ēnei momo pūmua photoreceptive i roto i ngā kanohi, me te mea whakamere hoki, i roto i te roro.
Whakarāpopototanga
E whakapae ana ētahi kairangahau mā te whakamahi i te rama whero ki ngā poroka mō ngā wā poto, auau ka piki ake ngā taumata testosterone i roto i te wā.
I muri iho, tera pea ka hua ake he pānga whānui ki te tinana, ka ara ake te arotahi, ka whakapai ake i te wairua, ka whakanui ake i te papatipu uaua, te kaha o te wheua me te whakaiti i te ngako tinana nui.
He mea nui te momo māramatanga
Rama wheroka puta mai i ngā momo pūtake; kei roto i ngā whānuitanga o te hihi o te rā, te nuinga o ngā rama kāinga/mahi, ngā rama tiriti me ērā atu. Ko te raruraru o ēnei puna mārama he maha ngā roangaru rerekē kei roto pērā i te UV (mō te hihi o te rā) me te kikorangi (mō te nuinga o ngā rama kāinga/tiriti). Hei tāpiri, he tino tairongo ngā porotiti ki te wera, nui atu i ērā atu wāhanga o te tinana. Kāore he painga o te whakamahi i te mārama pai mēnā kei te whakakorea e koe ngā pānga me te mārama kino, te wera nui rānei i te wā kotahi.
Ngā pānga o te mārama kikorangi me te mārama UV
I roto i te taha pākia o te tinana, ka taea te whakaaro ko te mārama kikorangi he ritenga kē atu i te mārama whero. Ahakoa ka whakapai ake te mārama whero i te whakaputanga pūngao pūtau, ka kino ake te mārama kikorangi. Ka tino kino te mārama kikorangi i te DNA pūtau me te whākōkī cytochrome i roto i te mitochondria, ka aukati i te whakaputanga ATP me te hauhā waro. He pai pea tēnei i roto i ētahi āhuatanga pēnei i te hakihaki (ka mate ngā huakita raruraru), engari i roto i te wā, ka arahi tēnei ki te āhua pākia koretake e rite ana ki te mate huka.
Mārama Whero vs. Mārama o te Rā i runga i ngā porotiti
He tino painga ngā pānga o te rā – te whakaputanga huaora D, te whakapai ake i te wairua, te whakapiki ake i te pākia o te pūngao (i roto i ngā horopeta iti) me ērā atu mea, engari kāore e kore he ngoikoretanga. Ki te nui rawa te pānga, ehara i te mea ka ngaro noa ngā painga katoa, engari ka puta he mumura me te kino i roto i te ahua o te werawera, ā, ka mutu ka uru atu ki te mate pukupuku kiri. Ko ngā wāhi tairongo o te tinana he kiri angiangi ka tino pāngia e tēnei kino me te mumura mai i te rā – kāore he wāhi o te tinana e nui ake ana i ngā kōiwi. Kua weheangā pūtake o te rama wheroHe pai te rangahau mō ngā rama pēnei i te LED, te āhua nei kāore he roangaru kikorangi me te UV kino i roto, nō reira kāore he mōrearea o te werawera, te mate pukupuku, te mumura rānei o te hope.
Kaua e whakamahana i ngā poroporo
He take motuhake kei waho o te tinana e iri ana ngā poroporo tāne – he tino whai hua te mahi i te 35°C (95°F), arā, e rua nekehanga i raro iho i te pāmahana tinana noa o te 37°C (98.6°F). He maha ngā momo rama me ngā pūangi e whakamahia ana e ētahi mō te whakaora mārama (pērā i ngā rama mura, ngā rama wera, ngā rama infrared i te 1000nm+) ka tukuna he wera nui, nō reira, KĀORE e pai mō te whakamahi ki ngā poroporo. Mā te whakamahana i ngā poroporo i te wā e ngana ana ki te tuku mārama ka puta he hua kino. Ko ngā puna 'makariri'/whai hua anake o te mārama whero ko ngā LED.
Raina Matua
He mārama whero, he mārama pūwhero rānei mai i tētahiPūtake rama LED (600-950nm)kua rangahauhia mō te whakamahinga ki ngā ure tāne
Kua whakahuatia ake nei ētahi o ngā painga pea
Ka taea hoki te whakamahi i te hihi o te rā ki ngā huakita engari mō ngā wā poto noa iho, ā, kei te raru pea.
Āta karohia te pānga o te kikorangi/UV.
Āta karohia tetahi momo rama wera/pūangi rama kanapa.
Ko te momo whakaora rama whero e tino rangahautia ana ko ngā rama LED me ngā rama taiaho. Ko ngā rama LED whero kitea (600-700nm) te āhua nei ko ngā mea tino pai.